This event includes the verse (miracle) Makkiyah happened to the Prophet Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam before migration. 

Isra’ is the journey of the Messenger Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam in the night. This journey is described in the Qur’an, especially in Surah Al-Isra’ (verse 1).

Mi’raj is his lifting up to heaven. There is in Surah An-Najm (verses 13-18).

Observers of the head of the Prophet Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam saw that before Isra’ and Mi’raj there were several sad events, such as the death of Abu Talib who always protected and helped the Prophet Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam in facing the infidels and the death of Khadijah radhiyallahu ‘ Anha, a faithful wife until he lived in silence, plus the migration of some of his friends to the land of Abyssinia many times in order to save his religion.

He even had time to go to Taif in order to call on the people to believe, accept Islam, and become helpers of God’s religion. But they rejected him and rejected his teachings. All these difficult conditions, Allah Ta’ala glorified him with great miracles and high glory, namely Isra’ and Mi’raj.

Isra’ Event

The word “asra” in the first verse of Surah Al-Isra’ means traveling at night. Some add that this journey was carried out at the beginning of the night, while others argue at the end of the night. The Isra’ carried out by the Prophet Muhammad was a journey from the Grand Mosque to the Aqsa Mosque.
بَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ بَيْنَ النَّائِمِ وَالْيَقْظَانِ-وَذَكَرَ يعنِي رَجُلاً بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ
“When I was on the side of the Kaaba between sleeping and waking up. He mentioned a man between two men.” It means that an angel came to him Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam.

فَأُتِيتُ بِطَسْتٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ مُلأن حِكْمَةً وَإِيمَانًا، فَشُقَّ مِنَ النَّحْرِ إِلَى مَرَاقِّ الْبَطْنِ، ثُمَّ غُسِلَ الْبَطْنُ بِمَاءِ زَمْزَمَ، ثُمَّ مُلِئَ حِكْمَةً وَإِيمَانًا.

“Then brought to me a vessel of gold filled with wisdom and faith. Then the chest of the Prophet Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam was split open food (النَّحْرِ) to the bottom of the stomach, then the stomach is washed with zam-zam, then filled with wisdom and faith.”

This is the Prophet Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam about Isra’ Mi’raj. Then before Isra’ Mi’raj Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam was peeled (split) first and his heart was removed and washed.

Philosophy

Scholars say the wisdom is that the Messenger of God wanted to meet God. Because I want to meet God in a clean and pure heart.

On that basis – say the scholars – if we want to pray to God, then we try to bring a clean heart.

For those who want to go on Hajj – for example – of course later there they will perform great acts of worship there, they will pray a lot to Allah there. So before you go on Hajj, first cleanse your heart. Because when the heart is not clean, it causes our worship to be less.

For example, our hearts are still polluted with insincerity, we still expect praise from people, we still expect the lust of the world, this has a big impact on our worship.

People who still hope for the world, for example I went to Hajj to get the title “Mr. Hajj”, so that people can see that I can do Hajj and other things, so they lose their sincerity. Similarly, when we perform Hajj but our hearts are still dirty with lust, with lust, sometimes we end up committing sins in the forbidden land. While committing a sin in a forbidden land, even in a forbidden land, in a forbidden month, on a forbidden day, the sin is multiplied many times over. Very dangerous.

وَأُتِيتُ بِدَابَّةٍ أَبْيَضَ دُونَ الْبَغْلِ وَفَوْقَ الْحِمَارِ الْبُرَاقُ،

“Then a white animal was brought to me. He is smaller than bighal (an animal resulting from crossbreeding between a horse and a donkey) and is bigger than a donkey, namely the Buraq vehicle.”

Mentioned in another narration:

يضع خطوة عند أقصى طرفه

“It puts his steps as far as the eye can see”

That is Buraq. As for how it is shaped, only God knows. It is clear that it cannot be described that the Buraq is a woman’s head as is done by those who do not believe. This is clearly an insult to Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam.

فَانْطَلَقْتُ مَعَ جِبْرِيلَ

“Then I went with Jibril.”

There was a debate among the scholars as to whether the story of Isra’ Mi’raj was based on the spirit alone or the spirit and the body. Jumhur says spirit with body. Because this is one of the miracles and greatness of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala. That’s why Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala magnified the story of Isra’ and Mi’raj in Surah Al-Isra’:

سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَىٰ بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا مِّنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى

“Glory be to God who has led His servants from the Haram Mosque to the Aqsa Mosque“ (QS. Al-Isra’’[17]: 1)

If it’s just the spirit, how is it different from a dream? But it determines that this incident was a very grand event. If only the soul of the Prophet had gone, not his body, the polytheists would not have made fun of him. Because when Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam told the polytheists that last night he went to the Aqsa Mosque and then to heaven, the polytheists laughed at Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam. Even some Muslims whose faith was still weak fell away again. Because he is considered the Prophet sallallaahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam crazy. “When the Prophet went to Masjidil Aqsa in one night”, he said.

They came to Abu Bakr and told him that his friend had started crazy (not true). Then Abu Bakar said, “I trust him more than that. A revelation came down to him from the sky and it was even greater.” Then Abu Bakr was called Ash-Shiddiq. In today’s age, it is very possible. Going back from Jeddah to Syam at least 2 hours by plane. For God it is easy.

Mi’raj Event

Reaching the World’s Sky

فَانْطَلَقْتُ مَعَ جِبْرِيلَ، حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا، قِيلَ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: جِبْرِيلُ.

“Then I went with Jibril until we reached the sky of the world.” Then it was said, “Who is this?” Jibril said, “Jibril”

In another narration, Angel Gabriel asked for the gates of sky to be opened.

قِيلَ: مَنْ مَعَكَ؟ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدٌ.

Then it was said, “Who is with you, O Gabriel?” Gabriel said, “Muhammad.”

قِيلَ: وَقَدْ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ.

“Has he become a Messenger?” Jibril said, “Yes, he has been sent.”

قِيلَ: مَرْحَبًا بِهِ؛ وَلَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ.

It is said, “Welcome, it is best for those who come today.”

After the first gate of heaven was opened, the Messenger entered and he met Prophet Adam ‘Alaihish Salatu was Salam. In one narration it is said, “This is your father, greet him.”

The Prophet said, “Then I said salam.”

This shows that greetings are the tahiyat of the Prophets and Apostles. Then Prophet Adam said:

مَرْحَبًا بِكَ مِنِ ابْنٍ وَنَبِيٍّ

“Welcome son and Prophet.”

This shows that it is prescribed that when we have guests from afar we say مَرْحَبًا (marhaban). For Sundanese people, “wilujeng sumping”, for our people, “welcome”. This is sunnah. We say:

أهلا وسهلا ومرحبا

In one narration it is said that the inhabitants of the sky were happy with the arrival of the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace. Where the inhabitants of the sky do not know what God wants on earth until God tells them.

The inhabitants of the sky do not know what happens on earth, because only Allah knows the unseen. If it weren’t for Allah who told them they wouldn’t know. Likewise, we on earth do not know what the inhabitants of the sky are doing.

This shows that the arrival of Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam to the sky makes people happy. So the inhabitants of the earth have more right to be happy with the arrival of the Messenger of Allah, Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam. But happiness is not once a year. We are happy every day by learning the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, may He bless him and grant him peace, we are happy every day by practicing the commands and commands of the Prophet, may He bless him and grant him peace.

Therefore, the fact of being happy with the arrival and birth of the Messenger of God, Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam, is by obeying the Messenger of Allah, studying the Sunnah of the Messenger of God, Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam. That is joy.

Coming to the 2nd Sky

فَأَتَيْنَا السَّمَاءَ الثَّانِيَةَ.

“Then we went to the second sky.”

It is stated in a hadith that the thickness of one sky to another is 500 years of travel. Even in the letter Al-Ma’arij Allah states:

تَعْرُجُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ إِلَيْهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ ﴿٤﴾

“The angels and Gabriel ascended (faced) to God in a day that lasted fifty thousand years.” (QS. Al-Ma’arij[70: 4])

In the As-Sajdah surah it is mentioned 1,000 years. Al-Imam Ibnu Kathir said that 1,000 years is the thickness of the world’s sky. And 50,000 years is the distance between earth and ‘Arsy.

In one hadith it is stated that the thickness of one sky is 500 years of travel, meaning that if you reach the 7th sky it is 3,500 years of travel. Meanwhile to ‘Arsy is a 50,000 year journey. This shows how great the creation of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala is. MashaAllah, no one knows the vastness of the sky except Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala. We cannot think with our minds. God’s creation is truly extraordinary.

We came to the second sky , then the angel Gabriel asked for the door to be opened and asked, “Who is that?” He replied, “I am Gabriel.” “Who’s with you?” Gabriel replied, “This is Muhammad.” “Has it been sent?” Jibril replied, “Yes.” Then the angel said:

مَرْحَبًا بِهِ، وَلَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ.

“Welcome, best of all comers.”

فَأَتَيْتُ عَلَى عِيسَى وَيَحْيَى، فَقَالاَ: مَرْحَبًا بِكَ مِنْ أَخٍ وَنَبِيٍّ.

“Then I met Prophet Isa and Prophet Yahya. So they both said, ‘Welcome brother and Prophet.’

Coming to the 3rd Sky

فَأَتَيْنَا السَّمَاءَ الثَّالِثَةَ.

“Then we went to the 3rd heaven”

“Angel Gabriel asked for the door to be opened.”

This shows that the sky has a door. It is impossible to penetrate the first or second heavens, except through the door. And every door is guarded by an Angel. Then the angel said:

مَرْحَبًا بِهِ، وَلَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ.

“Welcome, best of all comers.”

فَأَتَيْتُ يُوسُفَ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِكَ مِنْ أَخٍ وَنَبِيٍّ.

“Then I met Prophet Yusuf, then I greeted him. Then Prophet Yusuf said, ‘Welcome brother and Prophet.’

In one history it is stated that the Prophet Yusuf:

إِذَا هُوَ قَدْ أُعْطِيَ شَطْرَ الْحُسْنِ

“It turns out that God has given him half the beauty.” (HR. Muslim)

Coming to the 4th Sky

فَأَتَيْنَا السَّمَاءَ الرَّابِعَةَ

“Then we continued to climb towards the 4th heaven.”

Angel Jibril asked to be opened, again asked, “Who is this?” He replied, “I am Jibril.” “Who’s with you?” “Muhammad.” “What has been sent?” “Already.”

Then the Angel said:

مَرْحَبًا بِهِ وَلَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ.

“Welcome, best of all comers.”

فَأَتَيْتُ عَلَى إِدْرِيسَ

There the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, met Prophet Idris. Then the Messenger of Allah greeted him. So Prophet Idris said:

مَرْحَبًا بك مِنْ أَخٍ وَنَبِيٍّ.

“Welcome brother and Prophet.”

Coming to the 5th Sky

Angel Gabriel again asked to open the door. Then the Angel asked, “Who is this?” So he replied, “I am Jibril.” “Who’s with you?” “Muhammad.” “Has it been sent?” “Already”. Then the Angel opened the door and said:

مَرْحَبًا بِهِ وَلَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ.

“Welcome, best of all comers.”

Then Prophet Muhammad said:

فَأَتَيْنَا عَلَى هَارُونَ، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِكَ مِنْ أَخٍ وَنَبِيٍّ.

“I met Prophet Harun ‘Alaihissalam. Then I greeted Prophet Harun. So Prophet Harun said, ‘Welcome brother and Prophet.’”

Coming to the 6th Sky

Asked to open the door. Then asked, “Who is this?” Answered, “I am Gabriel.” “Who’s with you?” “Muhammad.” “Has it been sent?” “Already.” Then the angel said:

مَرْحَبًا بِهِ وَلَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ.

“Welcome, best of all comers.”

فَأَتَيْتُ عَلَى مُوسَى فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِكَ مِنْ أَخٍ وَنَبِيٍّ.

“I met Musa ‘Alaihissalam. Then I greeted Prophet Musa. So Prophet Moses said, ‘Welcome brother and Prophet.’”

فَلَمَّا جَاوَزْتُ بَكَى، فَقِيلَ: مَا أَبْكَاكَ؟ قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، هَذَا الْغُلاَمُ الَّذِي بُعِثَ بَعْدِي يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ أَفْضَلُ مِمَّا يَدْخُلُ مِنْ أُمَّتِي.

“When I had passed, Prophet Musa cried.” Then he was asked, “What makes you cry, O Musa?” Musa answered, “Yes Lord, this young man was sent after me, it turns out his people will go to heaven more importantly and more than my people will go to heaven.”

Coming to the 7th Sky

Then asked, “Who is this?” Answered, “Gabriel.” “Who is with you?” “Muhammad.” “Has it been sent?” “Already.” So the angel said:

مَرْحَبًا بِهِ وَلَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ.

“Welcome, best of all comers.”

Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam continued:

فَأَتَيْتُ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ

“Then I met Prophet Ibrahim.” This shows that the Prophets had degrees in rank in the sight of Allah.

In one narration it is said, “This is your father, greet him.” Then Prophet Muhammad greeted him. Then Prophet Ibrahim said:

مَرْحَبًا بِكَ مِنِ ابْنٍ وَنَبِيٍّ، فَرُفِعَ لِيَ الْبَيْتُ الْمَعْمُورُ

“‘Welcome son and Prophet.’ Then I was shown Baitul Makmur.”

In a narration of Abu Dawud that Prophet Ibrahim said to the Messenger of Allah:

يَا مُحَمَّدُ ، أَقْرِأْ أُمَّتَكَ مِنِّي السَّلَامَ ، وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ طَيِّبَةُ التُّرْبَةِ ، عَذْبَةُ الْمَاءِ ، وَأَنَّهَا قِيعَانٌ ، وَغِرَاسُهَا : سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ

“O Muhammad, convey my greetings to your people. Tell your people that Heaven is very fertile land and now Heaven has no plants. And that the plants are Subhanallah, Alhamdulillah. Laa Ilaha Illallah Allahu Akbar.”

This means that if we want to have plants in heaven, we say this a lot.

Baitul Makmur

Baitul Makmur is a house in the 7th sky. And the place is right above the Ka’bah. If the Kaaba is straightened up straight up to the 7th sky, then that is Baitul Makmur.

فَسَأَلْتُ جِبْرِيلَ فَقَالَ: هَذَا الْبَيْتُ الْمَعْمُورُ، يُصَلِّي فِيهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ، إِذَا خَرَجُوا لَمْ يَعُودُوا إِلَيْهِ آخِرَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ.

“Then I asked Jibril. Then Angel Gabriel said, ‘This is Baitul Makmur, every day 70,000 Angels pray there. If you go out, you won’t come back.”

Then Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam continued to be taken up to Sidratul Muntaha.

Shidratul Muntaha

وَرُفِعَتْ لِي سِدْرَةُ الْمُنْتَهَى، فَإِذَا نَبِقُهَا كَأَنَّهُ قِلاَلُ هَجَرٍ، وَوَرَقُهَا كَأَنَّهُ آذَانُ الْفُيُولِ، فِي أَصْلِهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَنْهَارٍ: نَهْرَانِ بَاطِنَانِ وَنَهْرَانِ ظَاهِرَانِ.

“I saw Shidratul Muntaha in the seventh heaven. It turns out that the seeds are like the Hajar region’s jugs, and the leaves are like elephant ears. From its roots come four rivers; two rivers invisible and two rivers visible.”

فَسَأَلْتُ جِبْرِيلَ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا الْبَاطِنَانِ فَفِي الْجَنَّةِ،.

Then I asked Jibril, “The things that are not seen are in heaven, while those that are seen are the Nile and the Euphrates.”

So the Nile and the Euphrates originate from there. In a history narrated by Shaykh Al-Bani that on this Earth there are four rivers that originate from heaven, namely Nile River, Euphrates River, Jihan River and Saihan River.

We don’t know how continued, only Allah knows. What is clear is that we must believe because that is what was reported by the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. God is Almighty over all things.

Sources: 
https://www.radiorodja.com/47694-hadits-tentang-kisah-isra-miraj/

https://rumaysho.com/3399-pertemuan-para-nabi-dalam-peristiwa-isra-mi-raj.html

https://rumaysho.com/20139-faedah-sirah-nabi-peristiwa-isra-mikraj.html